Barium Contrast
Barium contrast is a barium sulfate-based agent that makes the digestive tract visible on X-ray. Without it, the bowel and stomach walls are hard to distinguish from surrounding tissue.
How barium contrast works
Barium sulfate is very dense and absorbs X-rays strongly. When swallowed or introduced rectally, barium coats the lining of the digestive tract and makes it appear bright white on images.
This contrast is not absorbed into the bloodstream, so it is generally safe. However, doctors need to know about any history of bowel obstruction or suspected perforation, since these conditions can affect the choice of contrast.
Types of studies
A barium swallow is used to evaluate the esophagus. An upper GI series helps look at ulcers or narrowing in the stomach and duodenum. A barium enema is used to examine the large bowel.
In some studies, the patient drinks contrast several times with timed intervals so it reaches farther sections of the bowel.
Preparation and side effects
Patients are usually asked to fast for several hours before the exam, and the large bowel must be cleared for an enema. Follow the facility's instructions carefully.
Common side effects are constipation or pale stools for a few days. Drinking enough water and eating fiber can help. Tell your doctor if you develop severe abdominal pain or do not pass stool at all.
Key points
- Patients are usually asked to fast before the exam.
- It may cause temporary constipation afterward.
Educational information, not a substitute for medical advice.